Question

Deficiency of vasopressin primarily results in:
A. Increased volume of urine
B. Decreased volume of urine
C. Excessive secretion of urochrome
D. Change in pH from acidic to alkaline range.

Answer 1

Hint: Vasopressin hormone controls the circadian rhythm, or the times of sleepiness and wakefulness within a 24-hour cycle, in addition to controlling the tonicity of body fluids.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
The brain's hypothalamus produces the tiny, naturally occurring polypeptide hormone known as vasopressin, which is then deposited in the pituitary glands’ posterior lobe. Vasopressin has a number of vital roles, but its ability to execute cellular functions via acting as an antidiuretic on the kidney's collecting duct cells is its most significant one. This hormone encourages the kidneys to reabsorb the soluble-free water from the urine and return or release it back into circulation, which aids in allowing water to enter on the cell surface of tubular cells from nephrons. Therefore, this hormone is essential for maintaining osmolality because it concentrates the dissolved components of urine, including salts and glucose, in the serum and keeps the cells safe from rapid changes in water content. When this happens, the volume of the urine is decreased, and the pee is described as being concentrated.

This hormone, sometimes referred to as ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), serves to raise blood pressure, maintain normal kidney function, and regulate body temperature. Vasopressin hormone secretion can become insufficient, which causes the kidneys to excrete too much water, which causes dehydration and frequent urination. Such circumstances may potentially result in low blood pressure. Due to a deficiency in ADH, diabetes insipidus is an uncommon illness in which the kidneys are unable to retain water for release into the bloodstream. ADH (also known as vasopressin) deficiency may result from injury to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, excessive water consumption, or other factors. Dehydration, hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, diabetes insipidus, and numerous other life-threatening conditions can develop from this syndrome if it is not addressed.

Hence, the correct option is A. Increased volume of urine

Note: The kidney's capacity to preserve water during urine production will decline if ADH is not released sufficiently for whatever reason. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder that causes water loss and dehydration. In addition, oxytocin causes the uterus to contract strongly during childbirth and the mammary glands to secrete milk.