Question

Darwin’s theory fails to explain
a) Role of environment
b) Origin and transmission of variations
c) Overproduction
d) Survival of the fittest

Answer 1

Hint: The theory of evolution was given by Darwin. He mentioned it in his book ‘origin of species’. The main point of theory was the natural selection and population speciation. He said that organisms change due to hereditary traits over a period of a particular time span.

Complete answer:
Darwin’s theory didn’t show how the variations occur or what was the basis of the variations occurring in the organism. He failed to mention the concepts of DNA. He failed to mention the origin and transmission of variations in his theory of evolution.

Additional information: Darwin said the organism that adapts to its surroundings tends to survive and the rest are eliminated giving the theory of survival of the fittest. He didn’t consider it a part of evolution. He regarded the fact that the struggle for existence is relative and not absolute. In his theory of evolution, he mentioned three main elements. They were variation, reproduction, and heritability. According to him variation in the physical features which are beneficial for the organism are passed onto the next generation helping them survive. If these variations are not passed on then the organism fails to survive.
- Overproduction is a driving force in the process of natural selection. It can lead to variation in the species and adapting to the new environment. Darwin argued that all species reproduce excessively and only a few of them are known to survive hence, giving the reason behind the unavailability of data.
So, the answer is ‘b) Origin and transmission of variations’.

Note: Charles Darwin is known as the father of evolution. His theory of evolution can be explained as the organism who has the most desirable characters are the only ones to survive and reproduce. But he failed to mention how these variations occurred and what was the source of their origin and transmission.