Question

How was the cloning of sheep dolly achieved? What was the purpose of cloning this sheep?

Answer 1

Hint: The process of producing individuals that are identical or have virtually identical DNA, either by natural means or artificially is called cloning. Many organisms in nature produce clones through the process of asexual reproduction. The process of creating clones of organisms or copies of cells or DNA fragments is the meaning of cloning in biotechnology. The procedure of creating a new multicellular organism which is genetically identical to another is referred to as organism cloning or reproductive cloning.

Complete answer:
Dolly, born on \[5\] July \[1996\], was a female domestic sheep and the first cloned mammal from an adult somatic cell, by nuclear transfer process. Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut and colleagues were the ones who cloned Dolly at the Roslin Institute, which is part of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and biotechnology company PPL Therapeutics which is based near Edinburgh.
Dolly had three mothers. One provided the egg, another provided DNA, and the third carried the cloned embryo to term. Somatic cell nuclear transfer was the technique used to clone Dolly, where cell nucleus from an adult cell is transferred to an unfertilized oocyte which had its cell nucleus removed. With an electric shock, the hybrid cell is stimulated to divide, and when developed into a blastocyst, it is implanted in a surrogate mother.
Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell; which is why she was important. Birth of Dolly proved that specialized cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal from which they came from. This knowledge has changed what scientists thought that was possible and it opened up a lot of possibilities in both biology and medicine which included the development of personalized stem cells known as iPS cells.

Note:
Many other large mammals including pigs, deer, horses and bulls were cloned after cloning was successfully demonstrated through the birth of Dolly. Many attempts were made in which the attempt to clone mountain sheep did not produce viable embryos. Another attempt to clone a banteng bull was more successful, as were the attempts to clone mouflon, which is a form of wild sheep, in which both resulted in viable offspring.