Question

Citric acid is got from:
A. Aspergillus niger
B. Polyporus species
C. Penicillium notatum
D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Answer 1

Hint: Some microbes are used for industrial and commercial manufacturing of definite chemicals (bioactive molecules) like natural acids, enzymes, cyclosporin A and statins. Certain microbes have the capacity to transform carbohydrates into natural acids.

Complete answer:
To answer this question, first, we need to know about citric acid. Citric acid is a weak natural acid that certainly produces citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is far an intermediate within the citric acid cycle, which takes place within the metabolism of all oxygen required organisms. More than a million quantities of citric acid is manufactured each year. It is used broadly as an acidifier, as a flavoring and a chelating agent. A citrate is a by-product of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion produced in solution.
Now, let us find the solution from the option.
A proper manufacturer of citric acid is Aspergillus niger (a fungus). It is the maximum vital natural acid produced in tonnage and is significantly utilized in meals and pharmaceutical industries. It is produced especially through submerged fermentation using Aspergillus niger or Candida sp. from specific assets of carbohydrates, along with molasses and starch primarily based on total media.

The species of Polyporus are called wooden rotters due to the fact they cause wood rot of numerous wooden bushes including conifers, oak, apple, maple walnut, pear, Acacia etc.

Penicillium notatum is the supply of penicillin antibiotics.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is concerned in the manufacturing of many fermented beverages, along with wine, beer and cider; distilled beverages, along with rum, vodka, whisky etc.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A)

Note: A massive wide variety of micro-organisms consisting of bacteria, fungi and yeasts were hired to supply citric acid. Most of them, however, are not capable of produce commercially suited yields. Only A. niger and sure yeasts along with Saccharomycopsis sp. are hired for industrial manufacturing.