Question

Cessation of menstrual cycle in in the human female is known as
A. Ovulation
B. Puberty
C. Menopause
D. Maturation

Answer 1

Hint:-The regular recurring cycle of physiological changes in human females throughout their reproductive life except during pregnancy is called Menstrual cycle. This cyclic event takes place at an average of 28 days every month. These physiological changes end with a discharge of blood, unfertilized ovum, serous fluid and uterine mucosa through the vagina if the pregnancy does not occur.

Complete Answer:- In a healthy female, the menstrual cycle marks the period of fertility or reproductive phase. The very first menstruation starts by the age of 10-12 years and is termed Menarche. This indicates the onset of puberty in human females. However, between the age of 45-50 years, the reproductive phase starts to decline. This is the time by when the entire pool of eggs becomes exhausted which may be either due to atresia of ovarian follicles or ovulation. Since, there are no more eggs left to fertilize the cyclical changes come to a halt. It is believed that with ageing the pituitary gland and the nearby hypothalamus undergo certain changes which lead to a decline in the secretion of hormones responsible for the development and maturation of follicles and maintenance of reproductive system. This climacteric cessation of menstruation is known as Menopause. After menopause, in the absence of developing follicles there is a reduced supply of hormones estrogen and progesterone. Women who go through menopause may suffer temporary depression, hot flashes and other physiological problems.

So, the correct answer is the option (C), Menopause.

Note:- The menstrual cycle involves 3 phases which include the menstrual phase, the proliferative phase and the secretory phase. The cycle is controlled by the hormones gonadotropin (FSH and LH) and the ovarian hormones (Progesterone and Estrogen).