Question

Caruncle is
A. Outgrowth of funicle
B. Outgrowth of integument near chalaza
C. Unevenness on the surface of endosperm
D. Outgrowth of integument near the micropyle

Answer 1

Hint: In the micropylar region of Euphorbiaceae seeds, a structure is present called a caruncle. Caruncle’s ecological role is to facilitate seed dispersal by ants. Myrmecochory is the name of this process.

Complete answer:
On the spores of a few florae of Euphorbiaceous family plants such as Hevea, caruncle results near to the hilum. The outer integument is the outermost part of the ovule. The outer integument differentiates into various layers of the seed coat over the course of the ovule's growth cycle.

The caruncle is also a product of the outer integument near the micropyle in this process. In the castor frame, the cotyledon is said to be thin, a little translucent, and oval. They have venation that is palm-shaped. The middle coast is even more protuberant (also called a rib) and tolerates a few lateral veins. The peduncle can be said to be a shoot-like assembly that assigns placenta formation to the ovule. The inner integument forms the tegmen, which is the inner covering of the seed. The spongy outgrowth of the integument near the micropyle is the caruncle The principal objective of the caruncle is to absorb water that is critical to germination. Castor seeds are an example of a seed containing a caruncle.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Note: One may claim in brief research that the caruncle is a derivative of the embryo sac's integument. On the spores of a few plants, it may be identified as an extension near the hilum. The germination percentage rate is improved by the following changes in soil moisture. However, at any degree of moisture, the caruncle has no impact on the process. On the other hand, more root mass is produced when the caruncle is excised in one genotype.