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Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas evolved when 460g of sodium is reacted with excess water at STP.

Answer
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Hint:
STP stands for standard temperature and pressure. These are set by the IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) as 0C temperature and 1bar pressure. When sodium reacts with water, a salt is formed and hydrogen gas is liberated.

Complete step by step answer:
STP conditions are mostly assigned to gases because their characteristics or properties change drastically with change in temperature or pressure. At STP , one mole of any gas occupies 22.4litres .
When sodium reacts with water the reaction can be written as-
2Na(s)+2H2O(l)2NaOH+H2(g)
The above reaction is a balanced chemical equation. We can see that in the reaction when two moles of sodium reacts with water, one mole of hydrogen gas is evolved.
Now it is given that 460g of sodium reacts with water, first let us calculate the number of moles of sodium in 460g .
We know that molar mass of sodium is 23gmol1 . So the number of moles in 460g of sodium is
=46023=20moles of sodium.
There are 20moles of sodium in 460g of sodium samples. Now from the reaction we know that two moles of sodium releases one mole of hydrogen gas. So , 20moles of sodium will release 10moles of hydrogen gas.
We know that at STP one mole of any gas occupies 22.4litres . It means that one mole of hydrogen also occupies 22.4litres of volume at STP. So 10moles of hydrogen gas will occupy =22.4×10=224litres of volume at STP.
So the volume of hydrogen gas evolved is 224litres or 224000mL when 460g of sodium reacts with excess water at STP.
Therefore, the correct option is (A) .

Additional information:
There are two conditions-STP and NTP. NTP stands for normal temperature and pressure. NTP uses a temperature of 20C(293.15K) and 1atm pressure.

Note:The mass of one mole of a substance is equal to its molar mass. One mole of any substance contains Avogadro’s number of particles. Remember at STP, volume of one mole of gas occupies 22.4litres=22.4dm3=22400mL=22400cm3