Question

How can I calculate the polarity of a compound?

Answer 1

Hint The polarity refers to the attraction between the constituent molecules of a compound. It depends on the atoms within the compound who are attracted to each other. This attraction eventually creates differences in electronegativity within the molecule.

Complete step by step solution:
Let us learn about the bond polarity and the method for its calculation;
Generally, in chemistry the bond polarity is the separation of electric charges along the bond creating a dipole moment. The electrons are never equally shared among the two bonding atoms; a specific pull is present due to differences in charges known as electronegativity.
The phenomenon of electronegativity and dipole moment creates partial charges on the constituent atoms of a molecule. The less electronegative atom will be positively charged partially $\left( {{\delta }^{+}} \right)$ and the more electronegative atom will be negatively charged $\left( {{\delta }^{-}} \right)$ .
We can find polarity of a compound by the Lewis dot structure method-
Step I- Write the symbols of the constituent atoms in a molecule on a paper.
Step II- Find the central atom among all the atoms. Generally, for easy identification do note that the central atom is usually with low electronegativity.
Step III- Using the octet rule add all the bonds present within the molecule.
Step IV- Do include the non-bonding electrons as a lone pair of electrons or simply a single electron.
Step V- Check if the dipole moment exists in the molecule.
If the dipole moment is present in the molecule thus, the molecule is polar whereas if the dipole moment is absent in the same then, the molecule is nonpolar.

Note: Do note that there are other methods too to determine the polarity of a compound. Those are:
-By putting the substances in the solvents.
-By acting on the molecules with electromagnetism.