Question

Bone matrix is rich in
(a) Calcium and potassium
(b) Phosphorus and potassium
(c) Calcium and phosphorous
(d) Calcium and sodium

Answer 1

Hint: The compounds that are present in the bone in maximum amounts are necessary for mineralization in the skeletal muscles. If these compounds show deficiency then there are chances of developing disorders.

Complete answer:
The bone matrix comprises hydroxyapatite, which includes mainly calcium and phosphorus. Bone matrix also contains trace amounts of sodium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. Calcium and phosphorus are the bone minerals which strengthen the mechanical defiance of the biological matrix. Bone contains about 99 percent and 80 percent of the body's entire supply of Ca and P, respectively. The mineral calcium assists the muscles, nerves, and cells function normally. Human body also requires calcium (together with phosphorus) to build healthy bones. Bones are the main storage site of calcium in the body.The main function of phosphorus is in the formation of bones and teeth. They possess a vital function in how the body uses carbohydrates and fats. They are also required for the body to build protein for the growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues.

Additional information:
1.Ground substance of the matrix is majorly made up of a protein called ossein which has $62\%$ inorganic matter and 38 percent organic matter.
2. Matrix is present in the form of thin layers called lamellae.
3. Matrix can also be defined as an intracellular substance of the tissues of bones that has both inorganic and organic substances.
4. Major functions of a bone include structural support, protection to vital organs, they provide an environment for the protection of marrow which is necessary for many hormonal developments.
5. The bones are of two types, they are calceos bone and compact bone.

So, the correct answer is 'calcium and phosphorus’.

Note:
-The skeletal system of humans is a very unique system from any other system in the human beings, it has a calcified substance called bone.
-Bone is a dynamic animal tissue that has to go through constant remodeling. They undergo a degrading process by osteoclasts.
-New bones are formed by the specialized cells called osteoblasts. They help in the absorption of minerals and forming new bone tissue.
-Osteoid is the non-mineral and organic part present in the bones of the skeletal system.