Question

Biolistics (gene-gun) is suitable for
a. Disarmed pathogen vectors
b. Transformation of plant cells
c. Constructing recombinant DNA by joining with vectors
d. DNA fingerprinting

Answer 1

Hint: In the field of genetic engineering to transfer the genes and for integrations, some devices are used, one of out it is biolistics or gene gun, which was invented by a group of scientists where this device can transfer the exogenous DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Complete answer:
- Biolistic transformation mainly involves the transfer and integration of functional fragments of DNA known as DNA construct into the target cells.
- In this process the particles are coated with the heavy metals with a gene of interest and these total particles can be projected into the target cell by mechanical force, and the integration happens and
- The functional fragment of DNA contains all required regulatory elements for proper expression within the target organism.
- And the construction of genes varies where they mainly depend on the desired outcome.
- A gene construction typically contains a combination of a promoter sequence and a terminator sequence and they also include the gene of interest and reporter gene.

Applications.
- They are mainly used for the transformation of the plant cells.
- In the plants, the target is an undifferentiated callus.
- In plants, transformed cells can be treated with a series of plant hormones, such as auxins, and gibberellins where each of them may divide and differentiated into organized, specialized tissue cells of the entire plant.
- These gene guns are also used in animals and other humans to deliver DNA vaccines.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: By this method, desired genes are transferred and they form the desired organelles in the cells such as nucleus, mitochondria, and plastids, and they are also used for genetic engineering transformation resistant crops, such as cereals and other crops.