Question

Biodiversity hotspot in India is
a. Tropical Andes
b. Madagascar
c. Western Himalayas
d. Mesoamerica

Answer 1

Hint: Biodiversity hotspot is the region where there are high-level endemic species and also have a great habitat loss, hot spots are spread over the world, while the majority of the forest areas are located in tropic regions.

Complete answer:
- Norman Myers is the person who coined the term biodiversity hotspots.
- Biodiversity hotspot is considered if the region contains at least 1500 species of the vascular plants and it also contains the 30% of its original habitats

There are four major biodiversity hotspots in India, they are
> Himalayas: It is the highest in the world and it contains the northeast countries, Bhutan and some parts of Nepal.
It totally contains 163 endangered species, which includes the wild water buffalo and horned rhino and it also contains 10,000 species of the plants and out of which most of them are endemic and the mountain of the Himalayas covers the range some lakhs kilometers.

> Indo Burma region: over the past 10 to 12 years, 6 types of mammals are identified in this region which includes large Antlered Muntjac, Annamite Muntjac, Grey shanked douc, Annamite rabbit, leaf deer, and Soala. And it also includes the freshwater turtle species and also contains 1300 species of birds which include the White-eared Night-heron, and the Grey-crowned Crocias, and they also include Orange-necked Partridge.

> Western Ghats: This is present at the western edge of peninsular India, and western ghats contain the forests which include both deciduous and rainforest and the vegetation area of the western ghats include the 1,90,000 square km and now it almost reduced to half, apart from all of this, this region also contains 6000 species out of which 3000 are endemic and this hotspot also includes 450 species of birds, and different species of reptiles, birds, and mammals.

> Sundaland: This is located in southeast Asia and it also covers the areas of Singapore, Thailand Indonesia and it is considered as the richest biosphere reserve by the united nation. This region is considered the richest hotspot in the world because out of 25,000 vascular species more than half are present in this region.

Hence, The correct answer is option (C).

Note: When coming to the biodiversity in India, India is famous for rich flora and fauna, as it contains, 500 species of mammals, and birds are 200 species and 30,000 species of insects are present and along with this also national parks, zoological parks, and birds sanctuaries.