Question

Who believed that the traditional institutions like the Monarchy and the Church should be preserved?
A) Conservatives
B) Liberals
C) Revolutionaries
D) Romantics

Answer 1

Hint: In 1789, the French Revolution provided the first explicit statement of nationalism. In 1789, France became a fully functional territorial state ruled by an absolute monarch. The French Revolution resulted in the transfer of sovereignty from the king to a group of French citizens through political and constitutional changes. The revolution declared that the people were the ones who would rule the world.

Complete answer:
Napoleon was defeated by representatives of European countries in 1815. Now, European governments are guided by a conservative mindset.

Now lets us check given options:
A) Conservatives: Conservatives felt that traditional state and society institutions, such as the Church, social hierarchies, property, and the family, should be protected. They also recognised that modernity may enhance traditional institutions such as the monarchy, negating the need for a return to pre-revolutionary society. Thus, this is the correct option.

B) Liberals: Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy centred on individual liberty, consent of the governed, and legal equality. Liberals hold a variety of positions depending on how these principles are interpreted, but they generally support individual rights, democracy, secularism, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and a market economy. Thus, the option is incorrect.

C) Revolutionaries: During the French Revolution, the revolutionaries known as Jacobins were members of a powerful political organisation. They were extremist revolutionaries who plotted the overthrow of King Louis XVI and the establishment of the French Republic. They believed that dismantling the estate system would give the French people a sense of shared identity. Thus, the option is incorrect.

D) Romantics: Romanticism emerged in the second part of the eighteenth century, coinciding with the French Revolution. In response to the repercussions of the Revolution's societal change, Romanticism grew in popularity. Thus, the option is incorrect.

Therefore the correct answer is option ‘A’.

Note: Tradition, culture, and nationally defined views and practises were favoured by conservatives, who believed that these elements dictated outward changes in society. Conservatives' main idea was to emphasise the importance of tradition, established institutions, and customs. Conservatives fought radicals and liberals who desired to change the political and social landscape. They did, however, eventually accept gradual reforms.