Question

Bacteria found in hot acidic aerobic conditions are
A. Halophiles
B. Thermoacidophiles
C. Methanogens
D. Rickettsiae

Answer 1

Hint: Bacteria are a group of prokaryotic unicellular organisms which are microscopic in nature. The structure and properties of the cell are much simpler than that of other organisms. The bacterial cell does not contain a definite nucleus or membrane bound organelles. They are single celled microorganisms and are able to survive in various and extreme environmental conditions.

Complete answer:
Bacteria are single celled prokaryotes and are able to survive in a wide range of different environmental conditions. The bacterial cell is a type of prokaryotic cell with simple internal structure and organisation. They are found to inhabit as well as grow in different environments ranging from the soil, water, acidic hot springs and even the deepest reservoirs of the earth’s surface.
The bacteria that are able to survive in extreme temperature and low pH conditions are known as thermoacidophiles. These bacteria are mostly belonging to the archaea particularly, the crenarchaeota and euryarchaeota. They are found in most hot as well as acidic environments and tolerate an apparent fluctuation in the conditions.
The cell membrane of these bacteria are well adapted to suit the environment. The cell membrane consists of ether linkages with branched isoprene chains and do not contain peptidoglycan. They are known to contain a similar substance called pseudopeptidoglycan.
Halophiles are the bacteria that exist in conditions of high salt concentrations. They are also known as salt-loving bacteria. They are found in the water bodies with high salt concentration.
Methanogens are the type of microorganism that are associated with the production of methane. The methane is produced as a byproduct in low conditions of oxygen. The methanogens are prokaryotic cells and are members of archaea.
Rickettsiae are the bacteria that are pleomorphic in nature as they have the ability to alter their morphology as an adaptive feature. They are nonmotile, non-spore forming, Gram-negative bacteria. They are obligate intracellular parasites causing several types of pathogenesis.

Therefore, the correct option is option B.

Note: Bacteria are able to survive in different types of extreme environmental conditions. They are able to withstand the changes in the surrounding by incorporating several adaptations in their structure and behavior of the cell. The bacteria that are able to survive hot acidic aerobic conditions are known as thermoacidophiles. The thermoacidophiles bear certain modifications in the cellular structure which is helpful in counteracting the high temperature as well as acidic conditions.