Question

‘’Bacillary dysentery” is caused by
A. Salmonella
B. Shigella
C. Proteus
D. Entamoeba

Answer 1

Hint: Dysentery refers to diarrhea. Bacillary dysentery means it is the dysentery caused by a type of bacteria. It can cause intestinal inflammation and symptoms of gastroenteritis without dysentery.

Complete Answer:
- Bacillary dysentery is associated with species of bacteria from the family enterobacteriaceae. It is an intestinal infection and it is the severe form of shigellosis. It is caused by members of genus shigella. Species involved include Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei.
- All strains of shigella possess potent exotoxins which are carbohydrate-lipid-protein complexes. The Optimal temperature for growth is $37^\circ$C, with a temperature range of $10-40^\circ$C. The organism tolerates salt concentrations of 5-6 percent and is relatively heat sensitive. Pathogenicity involves the release of a lipopolysaccharide which affects the intestinal mucosa

Symptoms of the condition are the following:
- Illness begin 1-4 days after ingestion of bacteria and may lasts 4-7 days
- Abdominal cramps
- Fever, Chills
- Diarrhea
- Watery stools (frequently containing blood, mucus or pus)
- Headache
- Nausea
- Dehydration

- Foods which cause the infection include, moist substances, mixed foods, milk, bean, potato, tuna, shrimp, turkey, macaroni salads, apple cider etc.
- It can be prevented through personal hygiene. Prepare food in a sanitary manner, cook foods thoroughly, protect and treat water. Dispose sewage in a sanitary manner, control flies etc.
- Shigella: Shigella is a genus of bacteria which is gram negative, facultative, anaerobic, non-spore forming, non-motile, and rod shaped.
- Shigella infection is mainly affecting the intestine. Shigella can be passed through direct contact with bacteria in the stool. Children under the age of five are most likely prone to shigella infection. Infections occur by accidently swallowing shigella bacteria.

So the correct answer for this question is option B, shigella.

Note: Bacillary dysentery is an intestinal infection which is caused by a group of shigella bacteria and is found in the human gut. They are transmitted through physical contact with fecal matter who carries the bacteria and through consumption of water and food.