Question

ATP was discovered by
A. Lipmann
B. Lohmann
C. Blackmann
D. Bowman

Answer 1

Hint: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is an energy-carrying molecule in cells of all living things. ATP obtains energy from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.

Complete answer:
Adenosine triphosphate is the main energy currency of the cell, and it is an end product of the processes of photophosphorylation (adding a phosphate group to a molecule using energy from light), cellular respiration, and fermentation. It is also used in signal transduction pathways for cell communication and incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis.
Cells require chemical energy for:
> Metabolic reactions that do not occur automatically
> Transport substances across membranes
> Mechanical work
Structure:
ATP is a nucleotide consisting of a Nitrogenous base, adenine; ribose sugar; and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose.
ATP provides energy by the transfer of a phosphate group to another molecule.
Cells continuously break down ATP to obtain energy, and it is also synthesized from ADP and phosphate by cellular respiration. Almost all of the ATP in cells is produced by ATP synthase that converts ADP and phosphate to ATP.
A brief history:
1929: ATP discovered by chemist Karl Lohmann
1935: The role of ATP in muscle contractions was discovered by Vladimir Engelhart
1939: Term oxidative phosphorylation introduced
1939-1941: Fritz Lipmann showed that ATP bears chemical energy in cells.
1948: Alexander Todd synthesized ATP chemically.
1953: To explain the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation, Slater formulated a scheme involving chemical intermediates
1960: Soluble adenosine triphosphatase was shown to participate in oxidative phosphorylation
1961: R.J.P. Willams suggested that there was no energy-rich intermediate, but protons delivered energy from respiration chain enzymes and photosynthetic proteins to ATP synthase.

Therefore, the correct option is B, Lohmann.

Note:
> ADP: Adenosine diphosphate is also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP). It has two phosphate groups. ATP becomes ADP by the loss of a phosphate group. ADP is formed from AMP.
> AMP: Adenosine monophosphate is also called 5’-adenylic acid, and has one phosphate group. It is found in RNA and contains adenine and produced along with ATP from two ADP molecules.
> cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is derived from ATP and is a messenger used for signal transduction and activating certain protein kinases. cAMP pathways play a role in certain cancers such as carcinoma. In bacteria, it has a role in metabolism.