Question

Assertion: Hardy-Weinberg principle explains the variations occurring in population and species over a number of generations.
Reason: Hardy-Weinberg principle is applicable only when genetic drift occurs.

a. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
c. The assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
d. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Answer 1

Hint: The genetic variation occurs in the population if there is any migration, mutation, and genetic drift happens, so hardy Weinberg gave a mathematical baseline for that so that scientists can find the evolving and non evolving population easily.

Complete answer:
Hardy Weinberg principle is also called as hardy Weinberg law or model
- It states that, in population genetics, the genes and genotype frequencies are remaining constant from generation to generation, until there is an evolutionary influence on them.
- Some of the evolutionary influences are gene drift, assortative drift, natural selection, genetic mutations, etc.
- In order to explain it clearly, hardy took 2 alleles on a homologous chromosome.
The two alleles or genes are A and a. And their genotypic frequencies are f( A ) = p, f( a ) = q
When random mating occurs.
f( AA ) =p square for AA homozygotic alleles
f( aa)= q Square for aa homozygotic alleles
f( Aa ) = 2pq is for heterozygotes

So in the absence of any evolutionary forces, such as mutations or genetic drifts, the p and q are constant in generation after generations.
This principle is named after Hardy and Wilhem Weinberg who demonstrated this mathematically.
In hardly paper, he noted that the dominant gene has more chance to show it’s frequency.
This hardy Weinberg genotype frequency is usually used for population stratification.
As per the given question, the assertion is wrong as the genetic frequency is constant.
The given reason is wrong because it does not apply to the given reason is also wrong.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: Hardy Weinberg principle has basic assumptions, such as if no random mating and no mutations, then no gene transfer, and at the same time, if there are infinite population and no natural selection, if assumptions are not met for gene and population may evolve on that gene.