Question

What are two types of aneuploidy?

Answer 1

Hint: Aneuploidy is the mutation in chromosomes which leads to the abnormal number of chromosomes. It leads to one or more increases or decreases in chromosome numbers. It is caused due to the improper meiosis.

Complete answer:
Ploidy refers to the number of homologous chromosomes in an individual. A set of chromosomes refers to the homologous chromosome each from mother and father. If the species has 2n chromosomes then it is known as diploid and if it has N chromosome it is haploid.
Aneuploidy refers to the state in which one or more chromosomes are present or absent in the normal set. This leads to abnormalities. It is of two types in human beings- Monosomy or trisomy. This is not inherited but occurs due to abnormal cell division in meiosis.
1. Monosomy- It is a condition in which one chromosome is missing from a pair. In this 22+X chromosome exists instead of normal 22+XX or 22+XY. An example of monosomy is Turner syndrome. In this one of the X chromosomes is missing. The chromosome number is 22+X.
2. Trisomy- It is the aneuploid state in which one extra chromosome is present. It can be 22+XXX, 22 +XXY or 22+XYY. This type of condition can cause Down's syndrome which is related to mental disabilities and shortened life span.

Note –
In human beings, there exist 2N=46 chromosomes out of which 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair is sex chromosome. Aneuploidy is the cause of abnormal birth, miscarriage and congenital birth defects. There is no cure for chromosomal abnormality but the abnormality can be managed by therapy and care.