Question

What are the three types of courts in Indian judicial system? Write their names and two differences between them.

Answer 1

Hint: India has an integrated judicial system. Here there are three types of courts ,each with different sets of power and jurisdiction.

Complete Step by Step answer:
The Indian judiciary has a hierarchical structure. At the top is the Supreme court, followed by the High court which are then followed by subordinate or lower courts in districts
-The Supreme Court is the apex court in India. It is the highest court of appeal. It hears federal disputes and is the final interpreter of the constitution. The law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts within India.
-The High Court follows the Supreme Court in the hierarchy of courts in India. Article 214 to 231 of the constitution deals with the high court. Presently , there are 25 High Courts in India.
-The District Courts of India are the district courts of the State governments in India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account the number of cases, population distribution in the district. They are under the administrative control of the High Court of the state. Article 233 to 237 of the constitution deals with subordinate courts.
The differences between them can be understood by understanding their jurisdiction and appointment.
Jurisdiction
-The supreme court of India has jurisdiction over the entire territory of India and it is the highest court of appeal. It is also the only court which can hear federal disputes.
-The high court hears the issues of the state, group of states or Union territories. It can hear appeals from the lower court.
-District courts exercise their power of juridical service at district level.
Appointment
-The judges of the Supreme Court and High court are appointed by the President.
-The judges of the District Court are appointed by the governor of the state.

Note: It is important to note that some high courts have jurisdiction over more than one state or union territory. For example, Bombay High court has territorial jurisdiction over Maharashtra, Goa, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Similarly Kolkata High Court has jurisdiction over West Bengal and Andaman and Nicobar.