Question

What are the steps of the lytic cycle?

Answer 1

Hint: The process of lytic usually occurs when a virus infects a cell and replicates its new virus particles and comes out through the cell membrane. The genetic material is in the form of DNA or RNA which is injected into the host bacterial cell.

Complete answer:
The reproduction cycle of viruses involves two cycles: the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. The lytic cycle is named for the process of lysis, In this virus infected The host cell and replicated its new viral particles, and lysed out through a cell membrane resulting in the release of various infection-causing particles. It results in the destruction of the cell and its membrane when infected. It is also called the virulent phase as it has the ability to infect the host cells. Here the DNA of the virus remains free inside the bacterial cell where its replication occurs from the host bacterial DNA.
The steps of the lytic cycle are as follows:
1) Attachment: On the capsid of phospholipid envelope proteins interacting with the particular receptors lie on the cellular surface of the host cell. The tropism of a virus is determined by it.
2) Penetration: Induction of conformational changes in the viral capsid proteins or the lipid envelope is carried out by the attachment to specific receptors which results in the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Through receptor-mediated endocytosis some DNA viruses can also enter the host cell.
3) Uncoating: The viral genome in a nucleic acid is released when the viral capsid is removed and degraded by viral enzymes on host enzymes.
4) Replication (biosynthesis): The transcription or translation process of the viral genome is initiated by the viral genome becomes uncoated. in this stage of viral replication DNA and RNA viruses and the viruses with the opposite nucleic acid, polarity differentiate greatly and results in the de novo synthesis of viral genome and proteins
5) Assembly (maturation): After the synthesis, into a new virion the viral proteins are packaged with a newly replicated viral genome and are ready for the release from the host cell, and this process is known as maturation.
6) Virion release (lysis): Lysis or budding are the two methods of viral release. The death of the infected host cell is carried out by the lysis and this type of virus known as cytolytic.
A virus that is released from the cell by budding is the envelope virus such as influenza A virus. These do not kill the infected cell and are termed cytopathic viruses.

Note:
The genetic material that is DNA or RNA is injected into the host cell which is utilized by the viruses for their own machinery. The new DNA or RNA is synthesized by the host cell's RNA Primase, polymerases, free nucleotides, etc. will make up the hundreds or thousands of new virus genomes.