Question

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Hint: Nucleotides play a key role in the foundations of the genetically modified DNA and RNA. Nucleotides are also used for cell signaling and diffusion of energy through cells.

Complete answer:
DNA and RNA belong to the same class of nucleic acid molecules which are polynucleotides i.e. long nucleotide chains. Each nucleotide has three constituents or components:

- A nitrogenous base such as cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A) or thymine (T).
- A five-carbon sugar molecule (deoxyribose and ribose in the case of DNA and RNA).
- A phosphate molecule.

- The polynucleotide framework is based on a sequence of molecules composed of sugar and phosphate. Each of the sugar groups inside this backbone of sugar-phosphate is linked to one of the four nitrogen bases. DNA's capacity to store and transfer signals derive from the fact that it consists of two polynucleotide strands which turn around one another to form a double-stranded helix. The bases bind over the two strands in a unique way of using hydrogen bonds: pairs of cytosine (C) with guanine (G), and pairs of adenine (A) with thymine (T). While they share some similarities between DNA and RNA, they are made from slightly different sugars, plus there is a substitute between them. DNA uses thymine (T), and uracil (U) is used in RNA. Thymine and uracil also bind to adenine (A).

- The entire DNA molecule's double helix resembles a spiral staircase, with two backbones of sugar-phosphate and the paired bases at the helix center. This arrangement describes two of the molecule's most essential properties. Second, it can be repeated or 'replicated,' because each strand can serve as a template for complementary strand production. Second, it can store information along any strand in the linear nucleotide chain.

- The order of the bases in a single strand forming the genetic code. The A, T, G, and C four-letter 'alphabet' forms three-letter 'words' called codons. Specific codon code for particular amino acids. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand — with codons 'start' and 'stop' and other regulatory components — indicating a sequence of amino acids that are connected to form a protein together.

Note: Nucleotides act as monomeric units for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) nucleic acid polymers, both of which are key biomolecules in all life-forms on Earth.