Question

What are the by-products of fertiliser industries, which affect the environment?
A.\[S{{O}_{2}}\] and \[NO\], cause extensive air pollution and are responsible for acid rain.
B.\[S{{O}_{2}}\] and \[NO\], cause a cerebral stroke.
C.\[C{{O}_{2}}\] and \[NO\], cause a cerebral stroke.
D.\[C{{O}_{2}}\] and \[N{{O}_{2}}\], cause a heart attack.

Answer 1

Hint: Recall the gases that are produced during the manufacturing of chemical fertilizers. You know, all these are greenhouse gases. They are responsible for global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. if their concentration increases in the atmosphere, it can lead to severe respiratory issues.

Complete answer:
Fertilizer industries are accountable for the emission of harmful gases like \[S{{O}_{2}}\], \[NO\], \[CO\], \[N{{O}_{2}}\], and \[C{{O}_{2}}\] in the atmosphere. These by-products are either led into the air or the water bodies. Amongst these\[C{{O}_{2}}\], \[CO\] and methane are greenhouse gases that cause global warming.
\[S{{O}_{2}}\]and \[NO\] are the gases that act as pollutants to spoil healthy air. When pollutants enter the atmosphere from any source, the air is said to be polluted. These gaseous air pollutants- sulphur-di-oxide and nitrous oxide mix the rainwater to produce acid rain.
Nitrous oxide forms nitric acid and sulphur-di-oxide produces sulphuric acid when reacted with rainwater.
The reaction for the formation of acids of the acid rain is as follows:
$NO\text{ + }{{\text{H}}_{2}}O\text{ }\to \text{ HN}{{\text{O}}_{3}}$ (Nitric acid)
$S{{O}_{2}}\text{ + }{{\text{H}}_{2}}O\text{ }\to \text{ }{{\text{H}}_{2}}S{{O}_{4}}$ (Sulphuric acid)
The acid rain is highly corrosive and damages the infrastructure made of marbles and limestone. It also can harm the human skin and make it sensitive to an extent.

The correct answer is Option ‘A’ - \[S{{O}_{2}}\]and \[NO\], they cause extensive air pollution and are responsible for acid rain.

Note:
Always remember, gases like \[S{{O}_{2}}\], \[NO\], \[CO\], \[N{{O}_{2}}\], and \[C{{O}_{2}}\] can cause only problems related to the respiratory system. Cerebral stroke and heart attack are caused by blockage of the artery that results in an insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain and heart tissues. Thus, the brain and heart stop functioning properly.