Question

What are some examples of ion-dipole forces?

Answer 1

Hint: In order to the question, most of the ionic compounds dissolves are the perfect example of ion-dipole forces. So, we will discuss how the ionic compound $ NaCl $ is a good example of ion-dipole forces.

Complete step by step solution:
Dissolving of most of the ionic compounds are the examples of ion-dipole forces.
One good example of an ion-dipole interaction is the solvation of an ionic compound like sodium chloride in water. The $ N{a^ + } $ ion is attracted to the oxygen end of a water molecule because it has a negative dipole, while the $ C{l^ - } $ ion is attracted to the hydrogen end of a water molecule because it has a positive dipole.
Let's take $ NaCl $ for example. When we dissolve $ NaCl $ , the $ N{a^ + } $ ions will have an ion-dipole attraction to the negative dipole of $ O $ atoms of water molecules.
Likewise, $ C{l^ - } $ ions will have an ion-dipole interaction to the positive dipole of $ H $ of water molecules.
Ion-Dipole Forces are involved in solutions where an ionic compound is dissolved into a polar solvent, like that of a solution of table salt ( $ NaCl $ ) in water. Note, these must be for solutions (and not pure substances) as they involve two different species (an ion and a polar molecule).
The name "Ion dipole forces" describes what they are, which simply speaking, are the result of the Coulombic electrostatic interactions between an ion and the charged ends of a dipole. Note that here, the term "Intermolecular Force" is a misnomer, even though it is commonly used, as these are the forces between ions with molecules possessing a dipole moment, and ions do not have to be molecular. To gain an understanding of the nature of these forces we can start by looking at the Coulombic potential between two ions.

Note:
However, ion-dipole forces involve ions instead of solely polar molecules. Ion-dipole forces are stronger than dipole interactions because the charge of any ion is much greater than the charge of a dipole; the strength of the ion-dipole force is proportionate to ion charge.