Question

What are communicable diseases? Name any two communicable diseases.

Answer 1

Hint: A disease is an abnormal state of the body that leads to disorderness in the structure or function of the body. This disorder of body function is not associated directly with any external injury. For instance an accident leading to a fracture in a bone cannot be called a disease. A disease can be of many types based on its cause, like a deficiency disease, communicable disease, congenital disease etc.

Complete solution:
Communicable diseases are also known as infectious diseases and they transmit or communicate from infected persons to healthy individuals thus spreading the disease. They are always caused by microorganisms which include bacteria, fungi, viruses, protists etc.
By definition –
A communicable disease is an ailment caused by an infectious agent or its toxic compounds. That spreads from an infected human, animal, or inanimate reservoir to a susceptible host by transmission.
These diseases are also known as transmissible diseases.
A person may develop an infectious disease after being infected with a pathogen. This can be achieved in the following ways: direct contact with pathogen carriers; contact with contaminated liquids, such as blood, mucus, or saliva. Others inhale contaminated droplets through cough or sneeze. If they are bitten by an animal or insect carrying the pathogen; or by eating or drinking contaminated food and water. Once a pathogen enters the body, it will begin to multiply. The person may experience symptoms.
Communicable diseases are marked by clinical manifestations and require care.
Some of the examples of communicable diseases are –
Common cold – caused by Rhinovirus
Covid-\[19\] – caused by SARS CoV-II
Tuberculosis – caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis etc.

Note:
Communicable diseases require proper diagnosis and treatment otherwise they may turn out to be causing severe infections. Proper containment of the disease-causing organisms becomes a challenge for public health when communicable diseases convert into epidemics and pandemics. Many zoonotic infections are communicable and have shook the world by giving rise to pandemics.