Question

What are cells called that have the full set of chromosomes? Are they haploid, diploid, somatic, or semi-somatic?

Answer 1

Hint: The number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell is referred to as ploidy.
Ploidy manipulation has proven to be a useful method in genetic improvement, it has been used for a number of purposes.

Complete answer:
A somatic cell contains the full set of chromosomes in any organism, as it is the result of mitosis. It can be diploid, as in case of humans but it can also be tetraploid and hexaploid. A somatic cell, also known as a vegetal cell, is any biological cell that makes up an organism's body, that is, any cell that isn't a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte, or undifferentiated stem cell in a multicellular organism. A somatic cell is considered diploid if it has chromosomes arranged in pairs, and an organism is called a diploid organism if it has chromosomes arranged in pairs.

Many animals have chromosomes grouped in fours the condition is called tetraploidy or even sixes in their somatic cells the condition is called hexaploid. As a result, their germ line cells can be diploid or even triploid. For example, wheat whose scientific name is Triticum aestivum L., is a hexaploid species since it has six copies of each chromatid in its somatic cells.

Haploid cells have half as many chromosomes (n) as diploid cells, which means they only have one full set of chromosomes. For example, the gametes are usually haploid as they are formed by undergoing the process of meiosis (that is also known as reductional division as the number of chromosomes are halved). Semi-somatic cells do not exist.

Somatic cells contain the full set of chromosomes in an organism, they can be haploid or diploid depending upon the ploidy of the organism.

Note: Mitosis keeps the ploidy degree constant, while meiosis decreases it. Meiosis is a reduction process that is accompanied by slightly altered mitosis. Meiosis is a rare occurrence in multicellular organisms, while mitosis is more common.