Question

What are carbanions? Discuss their configuration.

Answer 1

Hint: Carbon possesses an unshared pair of electrons and carries a negative charge, generally with three substituents for a total of eight valence electrons in a carbanion. The carbanion is shaped like a trigonal pyramid. In organic chemistry, a carbanion is one of several reactive intermediates.

Complete answer:
A carbanion is an anion with a formal negative charge and a trivalent carbon. A carbanion is the conjugate base of a carbon acid in formal terms: ${R_3}CH + {B^ - } \to {R_3}{C^ - } + HB$ where B denotes the base.
A carbanion is a negatively charged ion in which a carbon atom has trivalence (meaning it has three bonds) and a formal negative charge of at least -1. Carbanions have a bent, straight, or trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry when pi delocalization does not occur in the organic molecule (as it does in aromatic compounds). All carbanions are conjugate bases of some carbon acids, which is important to remember.
The electron density is greatly concentrated near the negatively charged carbon atom in all carbanions. As a result, many electrophiles and other electron-deficient entities find this carbon to be a perfect target of attack. Furthermore, it is at this carbon atom that the molecule combines with proton donors and halogenating reagents like di-iodine.

Note:
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, which is an application of NMR spectroscopy, may detect carbanions in the solution phase. Carbanions in the condensed phase can only be isolated as ionic species if the molecule (as a whole) is sufficiently stabilised by electron delocalization.