Question

Apomixis is:
A. formation of seeds by fusion of gametes
B. formation of seeds without syngamy and meiosis
C. formation of seeds with syngamy but no meiosis
D. none of these

Answer 1

Hint: Apomixis, was defined by Hans wrinkles, and it is nothing but replacing the sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction without any fertilization. Sexual reproduction is absent in the apomixis.

Complete answer:
Normal asexual reproduction of plants, such as propagation of cutting off leaves, and all these all have not come under the apomixis.
In turn, if there are any replacements like replacement of seeds by plantlets and replacement of flowers by any bulbils, these all have come under the apomixis.
The offspring which are produced due to the apomixis are genetically identical to the parents.
This apomixis is of two types like,
Facultative apomixis, which means in some plants not only complete asexual reproduction, happens sometimes there is a chance of sexual reproduction
Another type is obligate apomixis which means, in this type normal sexual reproduction does not take place.
In flowering plants apomixis is termed as agamospermy, which means clonal reproduction occurs through seeds.
One of the examples for the apomixis is parthenogenesis, where the egg cell is formed by the mitotic division and later, these eggs are directly converted to the zygote without any process of fertilization.
Apomixis of a lot of importance, it is helpful to produce the good progeny and the good characters of the plants can be retained and hybrid plants can be produced with the mixing of desired ones.

So from the above explanation, among given options, formation of seeds without syngamy and meiosis is the correct answer.

Note:
Some of the advantages of the apomixis are, it is helpful for the farmer to save the hybrid seeds, and it is not necessarily to buy the hybrid seeds every time for plants. It also has a lot of commercial values, as it does not require hybridization every time.