Question

Aniline is purified by:
(A) Steam distillation
(B) Sublimation
(C) Hydrolysis
(D) None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Aniline is an organic compound having chemical formula of ${{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}N{{H}_{2}}$.It is steam volatile and it is insoluble in water. Aniline is the simplest aromatic compound.

Complete step by step solution:
Before answering the question let's understand each of the mentioned process in detail:
Sublimation- it is the process in which conversion between the solid is and the gaseous phase of matter. There is no formation of an intermediate liquid state. Sublimation is mostly used to define the conversion of snow and ice to water vapor without first melting into water.
Hydrolysis- it is a chemical reaction in which the molecules of water break down one or more than one chemical bonds. This term is used for solvation and elimination reaction where water molecules are used as a nucleophile.
Steam distillation- it is a process of separation composed of water and other volatile minerals. The steam from the boiling water carries the volatile vapor, the vapor can be drained and restored to a liquid or solid condenser. The nonvolatile compound remains in the water bath. Aniline is purified using the process of steam distillation because aniline is steam volatile and it is insoluble in water.

Hence the correct answer is option (A) i.e. steam distillation

Note: Steam distillation was once a very common process for the cleaning of the organic compounds, but it has been replaced in many applications like in vacuum distillation and the supercritical fluid extraction. Yet in certain industrial sectors, it is much simpler and more easy to use.