Question

(A) What is an integrated circuit (I.C)? Distinguish between (a) linear I.C and (b) Digital I.C.
(B) An ac input signal of frequency 60Hz is rectified by a (i) half wave (ii) full wave rectifier. What will be the output frequency in each case?

Answer 1

Hint: A full wave rectifier is a circuit arrangement which makes use of both half cycles of input alternating current and converts them to direct current. In contrast, half wave rectification removes just the negative voltage component using a single diode before converting to DC.

Complete step by step solution
(A) Integrated Circuit: (IC) it is also called microelectronic circuit, microchip, or chip, an assembly of electronic components, fabricated as a single unit, in which miniaturized active device (e.g. capacitors and diodes) and passive devices (e.g. capacitors and resistors) and their interconnections are built up on a thin substance of semiconductor material (typically selection)
It is a small monolithic chip.
Following are the difference between linear integrated circuits and digital integrated circuits:

Linear Ics	Digital Ics
Linear Ics are called analog Ic	Digital Ics are also called non linear Ic.
Linear Ics inputs and outputs can take on a continuous range of values and the outputs are generally proportional to the inputs.	Digital Ics contain circuits whose inputs and outputs voltage are limited to two possible levels low or high
It is used in aircraft space, vehicles, radars etc.	It is used in microprocessor computers, clocks, digital watches, calculators etc.
It consists of very less number of transistors as compared to digital Ics.	It consists of transistors as compared to linear Ics.

(B) When an ac input signal of frequency 60Hz is sent to half wave rectifier, the output frequency of a half wave rectifier is equal to input frequency i.e. 60Hz.
Considering a full wave rectifier circuit: If we considered this, the output frequency is certainly twice than that of input frequency. So if the input frequency is 60Hz, output frequency will be 120Hz.

Note: Full wave rectifiers have some fundamental advantages over their half wave rectifiers. The average (DC) output voltage is higher than the half wave; the output of the full has much less ripple than that of half wave rectification. Integrated circuits are used in almost every electronic device. They function as timers, amplifiers, logic units etc.