Question

A transformer works on both AC and DC.
 A. True
 B. False

Answer 1

Hint: The transforming action in a transformer occurs as a resultant of mutual induction between the coils in a transformer. Also remember, AC input provides altering supply of current while DC provides a steady supply of current.

Complete step by step answer:
In order for us to answer this question, we have to understand the basic working principle of a Transformer.

A transformer consists of two coils, a primary and a secondary coil, either twined on top each other or twined separately on two limbs of the soft iron core as shown in the pictures above.
Working principle is ‘Faraday’s law of induction’ or mutual induction to be precise.
Let us take the primary coil as the one in which we supply input current. By Faraday’s law of induction we know that, by altering current we can produce a changing magnetic field. This is what happens here. When we supply an altering current in the primary coil, it generates a changing magnetic field which in turn produces a constant voltage in the secondary coil, hence an AC output current in the circuit associated with it. In order for the fluctuating magnetic field to be produced we definitely require an altering supply of current which is AC.
So what happens with a DC input? DC input provides a steady supply of current, i.e, it can’t produce altering current which has a potential to produce an altering magnetic field by induction. So no ‘transformation’ can be possible for a DC input.
So, the answer to the question is option B, false.
The transformer can only function in AC input supply.

Additional information:
Emf equation of transformer is,
${\displaystyle \frac{E_1}{N_1}}={\displaystyle \frac{E_2}{N_2}}=4.44f{\mathrm{\Phi }}_m$
Where, $E_1\to$ RMS value of induced emf in primary winding
$E_2\to$ RMS value of induced emf in secondary winding
$N_1\to$ Number of turns in primary winding
$N_2\to$ Number of turns in secondary winding
$f\to$ Frequency of AC supply (in Hz)
${\mathrm{\Phi }}_m\to$ Maximum flux in the core (in wb)

Note:
We have to keep in mind that the two coils are insulated, that is there isn’t any electrical connection that is present between them. Also the value of the emf produced on the secondary coil depends on the number of turns on it.