Question

How can a solute dissolve in polar and non-polar solvents?

Answer 1

Hint Polar solvents are known to have large dipole moments. They comprise bonds with different electronegative atoms. On the other hand, non-polar solvents include bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities.

Complete answer:
- A solute is a substance which is being dissolved in solvent in order to make a solution. It is present in a lesser quantity than the solvent within the solution.
- A solvent is that component of a solution in which solute is being dissolved. It is present in more quantity than solute in the solution.
- As polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents only, similarly, non-polar substances dissolve in non-polar solvents.
- When a solute dissolves in a solvent, the solute particles separate from each other and move in between the spaces available within the solvent particles.
- This process results in collision of solvent particles with solute particles, and therefore the intermolecular force of attraction between the solvent and solute particle holds on to the solute particles in the spaces.

- The polarities of the solute and solvent determine their ability to dissolve. If the polarities do not match, i.e., one is polar and other is non-polar, the solute will not dissolve.

Note: Non-polar solvents do not form the hydrogen bonding with the solvent. But they dissolve the solute by weak van der Waals force among the solute and solvent.