Question

A man suffering from diabetes mellitus drinks water more frequently as he has to eliminate from the blood extra:
A. Salts
B. Glucose
C. Insulin
D. Glucagon

Answer 1

Hint: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that results from high levels of blood sugar over a long period of time. It can cause complications like diabetic ketoacidosis if it is not treated properly.

Complete answer: Diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia is recognized as an endocrine disorder of the pancreas. Insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent are the two forms of diabetes mellitus. A failure of the beta cells to produce an adequate amount of insulin results in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It happens due to an autoimmune response. When the movement of glucose into the cells cannot be facilitated by insulin it is known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In both types of diabetes mellitus, the concentration of blood glucose is higher than the normal range. Excretion of this glucose takes place through urine and water follows glucose. This results in excessive urination and the body tissues are dehydrated. The infected person then drinks excessive water due to extreme thirst. The condition is known as polydipsia. Instead of utilizing glucose and other carbohydrates for energy production, proteins are used for energy. As a result, the person becomes very weak. Ketosis takes place which is the production of ketone bodies by the degradation of fats. These ketone bodies are acidic and harmful. Another harmful impact of diabetes mellitus is high levels of cholesterol. Thus, the general symptoms of diabetes mellitus are increased hunger and thirst, frequent urination.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Note: The classic symptoms of untreated diabetes are unintended weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Symptoms may develop rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1 diabetes, while they usually develop much more slowly and maybe subtle or absent in type 2 diabetes.