Question

A congenital disease is
A. Kala-azar
B. Measles
C. Meningitis
D. Sickle cell anaemia

Answer 1

Hint:When the functioning of one or more organs or systems of the body is adversely affected, characterized by various signs and symptoms, we say, that we are not healthy, i.e. we have a disease. The disease occurs since birth and may result from a metabolic disorder or a defect development is called the congenital disease.

Complete step by step answer:Kala-azar could be a worldwide protozoic vector-borne disease and is caused by the genus Leishmania donovani. It's a parasite of human blood and that is transmitted from human to human by sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, while not a best-known animal reservoirs. Kala Azar is additionally referred to as visceral leishmaniasis (VL).
Measles is additionally referred to as a rubeola disease, It is caused by the rubeola virus. Rubeola virus contains ribonucleic acid as genetic material. This virus spread through the secretions of the nose and throat droplets of the infected person. It's an extremely communicable disease-causing, inflammation of the air duct, and a rash everywhere on the body.
Meningitis involves inflammation of any of the 3 layers or the meninges and is usually represented per the clinical time course. The underlying causes of acute and chronic meningitis differ, with community-acquired bacterium and viruses additional common in acute infectious disease and atypical bacterium, endemic fungi, and noninfectious cause more common in chronic meningitis.
Sickle cell anaemia is an autosomal-recessive genetic abnormality, sickle cell anaemia is caused by homozygosity of the beta-S (βS) allelomorph (located on chromosome 11), that differs from the wild-type β-allele by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
Hence, sickle cell anaemia is a defect in chromosome and that present from birth,i.e. congenital disease that’s why the correct answer is D.sickle cell anaemia.

Note:Single nucleotide polymorphisms, often referred to as SNPs are the foremost common kind of genetic variation among individuals. Every SNP represents a distinction in a single nucleotide.