Question

A clone is a group of individuals obtained through
a. Hybridization
b. Cross-pollination
c. Self-pollination
d. Micropropagation

Answer 1

Hint: A clone is an exact copy or genetically identical to the parent cell. In this method of propagation, there is no mix of gametes. They are asexually produced by a single progenitor cell. A clone can be formed from a somatic cell or the nucleus of a cell.

Complete answer:
> Option A: Hybridization -
In hybridization, gametes of two different individuals either of the same species (interspecific hybridization) or of different species (intraspecific hybridization) combine to form offspring that are not genetically identical to either of the parents.

> Option B: Cross-pollination -
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grain from the anther onto the stigma. Pollen grains are the male gamete. Once on the stigma, a pollen tube is formed that transfers the male gamete to the female gamete in the ovary. As two different flowers are involved in two different plants, it is called cross-pollination.

> Option C: Self-pollination -
When pollination occurs within the same flower in a plant, it is called self-pollination.

> Option D: Micropropagation -
Micropropagation is the process by which plants are produced artificially. In this method of producing plants vegetatively through tissue culture and under aseptic conditions, clones are produced. These are called clones as they are genetically similar to the parent plant.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: The micropropagation process occurs in four stages:
a) cutting of an explant from the main plant,
b) removal of surface contaminants from the explant,
c) placing the explant on a sterile tissue culture medium. Once plantlets are formed they are grown in a controlled environment for a few days before planting in the soil. Using this process we can grow plants in desired quantities.