Question

A cell organelle with a folded inner membrane is disrupted with an ultrasonic breaker, whose fragments can synthesize ATP. The organelle is
a. Ribosome
b. Centrosome
c. Chloroplast
d. Mitochondrion

Answer 1

Hint: A cell organelle is defined as a specialized entity present inside a particular type of cell that performs a specific function. There are various cell organelles present in a cell, namely, cell membranes, nucleus, and cytoplasm, etc. These organelles are also bound in a double layer of phospholipids to insulate their little compartments within the larger cells.

Complete answer:
- The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, is a double-membraned cell organelle, which is present in all eukaryotic cells.
- It has an outer mitochondrial membrane and an inner mitochondrial membrane. The inner membrane of the mitochondria is the site of the electron transport chain (aerobic respiration). The inner mitochondrial membrane has folds called cristae, helping in increasing the surface area. The space between these two membranes is called the intermembrane space.
- The enzyme ATP synthase is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane helps in the synthesis of ATP molecules (the energy currency of the cell).
- Ribosomes are the cell organelles that synthesize the proteins. Ribosomes have two subunits, each subunit is made of one or more ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and many ribosomal proteins (r-proteins).
- The centrosome also called the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), is an organelle that regulates the cell cycle via the assembly of microtubules. Specifically, the spindle assembly is controlled by the centrosome. During the S phase, each cell has a single centrosome that is copied or duplicated.
- A chloroplast is an organelle within the cells of plants and certain algae, which is the site of photosynthesis.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: Each mitochondrion is bounded by two highly specialized membranes, which have very different functions. Together they create two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix and a much narrower intermembrane space. If purified mitochondria are gently disrupted and then fractionated into separate components, the biochemical composition of each of the two membranes and the spaces enclosed by them can be determined. Each contains a unique collection of proteins.