Question

Young Italy was organized by _______
a. Mazzini
b. Cavour
c. Victor Emmanuel
d. Garibaldi

Answer 1

Hint:
After controlling almost all of northern Italy, Cavour looked at the southern parts of the land.
He quietly began supporting the nationalist insurgents. In 1860, a tiny force of Italian revolutionaries commanded by Giuseppe Garibaldi managed to take Sicily from the Bourbon Kings. This successful expedition is also known as the Thousand Expedition.


Complete step by step solution:

What & When?
- Like Germany, Italy has also been split into a variety of nations.
- The dominant states of Italy at the beginning of the 19th century were Sardinia, Lombardia, Veneto, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Sicily and Naples), the Papal States, Tuscany, Parma and Modena.
- The kingdom of Sardinia was the most powerful of these.
- Venetia and Lombardia came under Austrian occupation.
- The Italian citizens were thus faced with the challenge of expelling the Austrians and pressuring the rulers of independent states to join.

Who?
- Giuseppe Mazzini- was a young man of 26 years of age when his actions in the Carbonari took him to prison.
- While in prison, he concluded that Italy should be united.
- He devised a programme to create a free, autonomous and republican nation with Rome as its capital.
- After his release in 1831, he went to Marseilles to organise a new political society called La Giovine Italia (Young Italy).
- The new society, the motto of which was "God and the People," pursued the unity of Italy.
- He expected a revolt at the beginning of 1833.
- The government, however, uncovered the conspiracy before it could begin, and several revolutionaries were imprisoned and executed.
- Mazzini vanished and was charged in absentia and sentenced to death.


Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Note:
The Expedition of the Thousand ended in a plebiscite in 1860, which allowed Garibaldi to unite the southern regions he had invaded with the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.
A conference was held between Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel II, orchestrated by Cavour in Naples.
Garibaldi readily decided to stand aside and let the King of Sardinia reign.