Question

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Answer 1

Hint: Functional group: In the hydrogen the atoms or groups which are other than carbon and hydrogen, are known as function groups. For example: chloride if chlorine is present in the compound. And if hydroxide group i.e. $OH$ is present then the name will be alcohol.

Complete answer:
First of all we will talk about the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
Alkanes: The compounds which are formed by carbon and hydrogen and have only a single bond between the carbon-carbon atoms, are known as alkanes. For example: The first member of the alkane family is ethane $({H_3}C - C{H_3})$. The general formula of the alkane group is ${C_n}{H_{(2n + 2)}}$.
Alkenes: The compounds which are formed by carbon and hydrogen and have at least one double bond along with a single bond between the carbon-carbon atoms, are known as alkenes. For example: The first member of the alkene family is ethene $({H_2}C = C{H_2})$. The general formula of the alkene group is ${C_n}{H_{2n}}$.
Alkynes: The compounds which are formed by carbon and hydrogen and have at least one triple bond along with a single bond between the carbon-carbon atoms, are known as alkynes. For example: The first member of the alkyne family is ethyne $(HC \equiv CH)$. The general formula of the alkyne group is ${C_n}{H_{(2n - 2)}}$.

Number of carbon atom in alkane	Name of the parent chain
One	Methane
Two	Ethane
Three	Propane
Four	Butane
Five	Pentane
Six	Hexane
Seven	Heptane

Functional group: In hydrogen the atoms or groups which are other than carbon and hydrogen, are known as function groups. For example: chloride if chlorine is present in the compound. And if hydroxide group i.e. $OH$ is present then the name will be alcohol.
The first step in the IUPAC naming system is to identify the longest carbon chain containing the groups. Here in the given compound the largest chain contains five carbons. So the name of the parent chain will be pentane. Now the numbering of the carbon is done such that carbon which contains function gets a lower number. Here the functional group attached the hydrocarbon is alcohol. So numbering of carbon should be done from right to left. And the second carbon alcohol group is present and to the third carbon two methyl groups are present. So the IUPAC name of the molecule will be as $3,3 - $ methyl pentan $2 - $ ol.

Note:
Suffix to some functional group are as: for carboxylic acid suffix used is –oic acid, for alcohols suffix used is alkyl alcohol or in place of e from alkane add ol. For example: if an alcohol group is present in methane then the IUPAC name of the compound will be methyl alcohol.