Question

Write the function of each of the following:
(a) Middle piece in human sperm.
(b) Tapetum in anthers.
(c) Luteinizing hormone in human males.

Answer 1

Hint: Epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum, are four wall layers of microsporangium. The role of the defensive effect of external 3 wall layers helps to extract pollen from another layer.

Complete Answer:
- Reproduction is characterized as a biological process in which the individual gives birth to the offspring identical to themselves. The offspring develops, matures, and creates new offspring. There is, thus, a sequence of life, rise, and death. Reproduction causes the population to live, generation after generation.
- The ecosystem of the cell, its internal morphology, and many other variables are generally responsible for how it reproduces. It is of two kinds, depending on whether one or two species engage in the reproductive process.
- When the offspring is produced by a single parent with or without the presence of a gamete, the reproduction is asexual. When two opposite sex involves in the reproductive process and requires the fusion of female and male gametes, it is known as sexual reproduction.

(a) The middle piece of human sperm has several mitochondria that generate the energy required to move the tail, making the sperm motility necessary for fertilisation more efficient.
(b) Epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum, are four wall layers of microsporangium. The role of the defensive effect of external 3 wall layers helps to extract pollen from another layer. The innermost layer of the wall is the tapetum that feeds pollen grains.
(c) The luteinizing hormone acts on the cells of Leydig to promote androgen synthesis and secretion in males. Testosterone is the most widely known androgen.

Note: Tapetum is the microsporangium's innermost layer. It feeds pollen seeds. It provides food. Tapetum cells contain different enzymes, amino acids, hormones and other nutrients needed for pollen grains to grow during microsporogenesis.