Question

Write short notes on Hemodialysis.

Answer 1

Hint: Through removing waste and excess fluid from your body, the kidneys clean your blood. When you urinate, this waste is sent to the bladder to be eliminated. When they have collapsed, dialysis performs the function of the kidneys. Dialysis is a treatment which uses a machine to philtre and purify the blood. When the kidneys do not do their job, this helps keep the fluids and electrolytes in check.

Complete answer:
When the kidneys no longer operate, dialysis substitutes some of the functions. There are two types of dialysis that are distinct-hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Hemodialysis is a process where the blood is cleaned by a dialysis system and a special philtre called an artificial kidney, or a dialyzer. The doctor has to make an access, or entrance, into the blood vessels to get the blood into the dialyzer. This is achieved with minimal arm surgery, usually performed on the arm. There are two components in the dialyzer, or philtre, one for the blood and one for a washing fluid called dialysate. These two sections are detached by a thin membrane. Blood stays with blood cells, protein and other vital items because they are too large to move through the membrane. Smaller waste materials in the blood pass through the membrane, such as urea , creatinine, potassium and extra fluid, and are washed away.
In certain cases of sudden or acute kidney failure, dialysis may only be necessary before the kidneys recover for a limited period of time. However, the kidneys do not get better as chronic kidney disease progresses to kidney failure over time, and one may require dialysis for the remainder of their lives until they can undergo a kidney transplant. The needles inserted in the fistula or graft may be painful when one starts hemodialysis. In time, most patients get used to this. During the procedure, the dialysis care team will make sure the person is as relaxed as possible. Symptoms like cramps, headaches , nausea or dizziness are not normal, but teams should take the following steps if they have any of them.
> Slow down the removal of blood, which could increase the time for dialysis.
> Increase the sum of the dialysate's sodium.
> Cool the dialysis down a little.
> To help prevent low blood pressure during dialysis, use a particular drug.

Note:
Hemodialysis is usually performed 3 days a week for about 4 hours at a time in a dialysis centre. Individuals who choose to do hemodialysis at home can do dialysis treatment more regularly, for shorter hours each time, 4-7 days a week.