Question

Write short notes on
  a) Fragmentation
  b) Regeneration
  c) Budding

Answer 1

Hint: Fragmentation, regeneration and budding are types of asexual reproduction. It happens in plants and animals.

Complete answer :
Fragmentation:
Fragment means, breaking into parts. So, in the fragmentation process, the body is broken into parts. Then each part of the organism will be developed as individual parts of the body. This is a type of reproduction that happens in lower organisms. The other name for fragmentation is splitting method of reproduction. It can be widely seen in organisms like cyanobacteria, fungi, and many plants.

Regeneration:
The natural process of replacing or restoring any damaged organs or part of tissues, cells or organs is known as Regeneration. Regeneration happens through mitosis. Sometimes even the entire body parts can function as an individual organism in both plants and animals. Plants also can regenerate. All living organisms have the ability to regenerate, like regrowing of hair and nails.

Budding:
Another type of asexual reproduction is Budding. There will be an extra growth from the body of an organism which later develops into a new individual. When those buds grow, they would be still attached to the body of the parent. After growing to a particular size, the bud gets detached from the parent and grows alone. An example is Hydra, in which a bud develops into an adult and then breaks from main parent hydra.

Note: Budding, fragmentation and regeneration are considered as asexual types of reproduction because gamete formation does not occur during these modes of reproduction. A single parent provides the process of reproduction.