Question

Write formulas for the following compounds.
Thallium (l) sulphate

Answer 1

Hint: A chemical formula is the presentation of the chemical proportions of the constituent atoms that constitute a particular molecule or a compound. Some of the non-metal exist as simple molecules with two atoms joined together. These elements are diatomic.

Complete step by step solution:

The element Thallium was first discovered by the British chemist William Crookes in 1861. He identified it from the bright green line in its emission spectrum. The name thallium is derived from the Greek word ‘thallos’, meaning ‘green shoot’.

Electron configuration of Thallium is \[[Xe]\,4{{f}^{14}}5{{d}^{10}}6{{s}^{2}}6{{p}^{1}}\]. It readily loses one electron or 3 electrons when it is ionized. The thallium atom in the thallium sulfate molecule has a oxidation state of +1, resulting in two \[T{{l}^{+}}\] ions bonding with each sulfate ion, which gives it an overall formula of \[T{{l}_{2}}S{{O}_{4}}\], the more accurate name will be thallium(I) sulfate.
Thallium (I) sulfate appears as an odorless white dense white powder. It is extremely toxic in nature, both in the form of skin absorption and ingestion.

Additional Information:
It has a solubility of 4.87 g in 100 mL of water at 20ºC.
It has a density of \[6.77g/c{{m}^{3}}\].
A lethal dose of thallium sulfate for an adult is generally in the range from 500 mg to 1 g.

Note: Thallium also forms a +3-oxidation state like the other elements in Group 13 (boron, aluminum, gallium and indium). The ‘inert pair’ effect is the reason why thallium prefers the +1-oxidation state. This tendency is due to the reluctance of its \[6{{s}^{2}}\] electrons to be ejected in reactions.