Question

Write down the cations and anions obtained from the compounds in the following chart:

Compounds	Cations	Anions
\[\text{NaOH}\]	\[\text{N}{{\text{a}}^{\text{+}}}\]	\[\text{O}{{\text{H}}^{\text{-}}}\]
$\text{KOH}$	\[{{\text{K}}^{\text{+}}}\]	\[\text{O}{{\text{H}}^{\text{-}}}\]
$\text{Ca}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{\text{2}}}$	\[\text{C}{{\text{a}}^{\text{+}}}\]	\[\text{O}{{\text{H}}^{\text{-}}}\]
$\text{HCl}$	${{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}}$	$\text{C}{{\text{l}}^{\text{-}}}$
$\text{HBr}$	${{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}}$	$\text{B}{{\text{r}}^{\text{-}}}$
$\text{HN}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$	${{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}}$	$\text{N}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}^{-}$

Answer 1

Hint: Solution: hint: The cation is a positively charged atom or group of atoms that has a lower number of electrons in the valence shell than the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. The anion is a negatively charged atom or group of atoms that has a higher number of electrons in the valence shell than the number of protons in the nucleus.

Complete answer:
Cations and anions generally make up ionic compounds that are formed due to the force of attraction that keeps the charged species together in the compound. Since all the compounds are electrically neutral, the anions and the cations are of opposite charges. Keeping the above points in mind, the cations and the anions in the above compounds are as follows:
In sodium hydroxide, the cation is sodium while the anion is the hydroxide.
In potassium hydroxide, the cation is potassium while the anion is hydroxide.
In calcium hydroxide, the cation is calcium, while the anion is hydroxide.
In hydrogen chloride, the cation is hydrogen while the anion is chloride.
In hydrogen bromide, the cation is hydrogen while the anion is bromide.
In nitric acid, the cation is hydrogen while the anion is nitrate.

Note:
The anion is of negative charge while the cation is of positive charge. An atom or a group of atoms will be positively or negatively charged depending on the position of the atoms in the element in the periodic table. If the elements are metals then they form the positively charged species whereas the non-metals generally form the negatively charged species.