Question

Write any two points of differences between, homologous organs and analogous organs.

Answer 1

Hint: Scientists gather information which allows them to find out about evolutionary connections among organisms. Evolutionary investigations focus on morphologic and genetic evidence. The body comprises many organs. These organs are classified into homologous organs and analogous organs.

Complete answer: Homology is the similarity of structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor. Homologous organs have a common anatomical plan but perform different functions in different species.
Example: The forelimbs of vertebrates, wings of bats and birds, arms of primates, front flippers of whales and forelegs of four-legged vertebrates like dogs and crocodiles are all derived from the same ancestral tetrapod structure however perform different functions in each species.
Analogous organs can be defined as organs with different structural plans performing common functions.
Example: Wings of insects and birds evolved independently in widely separated groups, and converged functionally to support powered flight.
Differences between homologous and analogous organs:

Homologous organs	Analogous organs
Inherited from a common ancestor	Not inherited from ancestors
Result of divergent evolution	Result of convergent evolution
Developed as a result of the adaptation to a different environment	Developed as a result of the adaptation to a similar environment

Note: Some organisms may be closely related, even if minor genetic change caused major morphological difference thus changing their appearance. Likewise, unrelated organisms may be distantly related, but appear very much alike. This happens due to the common adaptation of both the organisms that evolved within similar environmental conditions. Therefore, in few cases similar characteristics occur due to environmental constraints and not due to a close evolutionary relationship.