Question

With reference to the Indian parliament, explain the following:
Its powers to make laws on subjects mentioned in the:
I. Union list
II. Concurrent list.

Answer 1

Hint: The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature consisting of the President of India and two chambers: The Rajya Sabha (Council of State) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The President in his role as chairman of the legislature has full authority to convene and instruct the house of Parliament or dissolve the Lok Sabha.

Complete answer:
State and Central legislative powers are defined in the Constitution, and these powers are divided into three lists. Topics not mentioned in any of the three lists are referred to as residual subjects.
Authority to enforce laws regarding the following:
(i) union list: Parliament has the exclusive power to legislate on all $98$ subjects registered in the union list, including defense, finance, communications, foreign policy, etc.
(ii) concurrent Lists: In addition to the national legislative assembly, Parliament can enact laws on $47$ subjects in the concurrent list. In the event of a conflict between the Union Parliament and the state legislature, Union law takes precedence.

Note:
The state list consists of $61$ points (previously $66$ points), according to which the state legislature can make the laws that apply in this state. However, in certain circumstances, Parliament can also temporarily enforce laws on subjects registered in the state register if the Sabha King has decided by a two-thirds majority to enact the law in the national interest in accordance with Articles $249 - 252$ of the Constitution.