Who established Mauryan Empire in ancient India?
VerifiedAnswer: Chandra Gupta Maurya
Explanation:
Chandra Gupta Maurya founded the mighty Mauryan Empire around 322 BCE, marking the beginning of one of the most significant dynasties in ancient Indian history. He was a young, ambitious ruler who rose to power with the help of his mentor and advisor, the brilliant strategist Chanakya (also known as Kautilya).
The establishment of the Mauryan Empire wasn't just a stroke of luck – it was the result of careful planning and strategic warfare. Chandra Gupta first overthrew the Nanda dynasty, which ruled the powerful kingdom of Magadha in present-day Bihar. With Chanakya's guidance, he built a strong army and used clever political tactics to defeat his enemies and expand his territory.
What made Chandra Gupta truly remarkable was his ability to unite most of the Indian subcontinent under one rule. His empire stretched from present-day Afghanistan in the northwest to Bengal in the east, and from the Himalayas in the north to the Deccan Plateau in the south. This was the first time in Indian history that such a vast area came under unified political control.
One of his most famous achievements was defeating Seleucus Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, in battle. This victory not only secured his northwestern borders but also established diplomatic relations with the Greek world. The peace treaty between them included a marriage alliance and exchange of ambassadors, showing Chandra Gupta's diplomatic skills alongside his military prowess.
The Mauryan Empire under Chandra Gupta was known for its efficient administration and strong military. He established a well-organized government system with different departments handling various aspects of governance like agriculture, trade, and defense. His capital, Pataliputra (modern-day Patna), became one of the largest and most prosperous cities in the ancient world.
Chandra Gupta ruled for about 24 years and later abdicated his throne to become a Jain monk. He passed on a stable and prosperous empire to his son Bindusara, who further expanded it. The dynasty reached its peak under his grandson, the famous Emperor Ashoka, who is remembered for spreading Buddhism and his philosophy of non-violence after the Kalinga War.
