Question

Which one of the following reactions is an example for the calcination process?
A.\[2Ag+2HCl+\left( O \right)\to 2AgCl+{{H}_{2}}O.\]
B.\[2Zn+{{O}_{2}}\to 2ZnO.\]
C.\[2ZnS+3{{O}_{2}}\to 2ZnO+2S{{O}_{2}}.\]
D.\[MgC{{O}_{3}}\to MgO+C{{O}_{2}}.\]

Answer 1

Hint: We know that the metals are obtained from their oxide ores after they have undergone the process of reduction or the process of electrolysis. We can easily obtain the metal from their oxides instead of their sulphide or carbonates. Calcination is a process to obtain the metal oxide by passing the ore of metal in the absence of air or limited supply of air.

Complete answer:
The word calcination means a process where some substance or solid material is heated in a controlled environment and during this temperature is also kept under regulation. This process is done to bring on some changes in the physical or chemical constitution of the substance.
Calcination is the process for converting the ore of the metal to the oxide by heating it strongly. We heat the ore of the metal below the melting point in the absence or limited supply of air. We use this process of calcination to convert the carbonate or the hydroxides of the metal to their respective oxides. It is a thermal process which causes thermal decomposition in the reaction.
The concentrated ore is heated in absence of air to remove water or moisture from a hydrated oxide and $C{{O}_{2}}$ from a carbonate ore at a temperature below their melting point. This process is called calcination and it is generally carried out in a reverberatory furnace. \[MgC{{O}_{3}}\to MgO+C{{O}_{2}}.\]

Therefore, the correct answer is Option D.

Additional Information:
In this process, the ores undergo thermal treatment in the absence or limited supply of air or oxygen, which causes thermal decomposition of the ore. The instrument used here is known as calcite. It is a steel cylinder which can rotate inside a heating furnace to do indirect processing under high temperature within a controlled atmosphere. This process is done in reactors or furnaces of different types like shaft furnaces, rotary kilns, and multiple hearth furnaces.

Note:
Remember that the moisture is removed from the ore during the process of calcination. Gypsum is also calculated by the process of calcination. There are three different types of gypsum such as stair spar, alabaster and selenite. We use the process of calcination for the purification of solids because at high temperature we are able to remove the volatile substances and the oxidizing portion of the substance.