Question

Which one of the following pair is not a contrasting character?
A. Tall and dwarf
B. Axil and terminal
C. Green and yellow
D. Round and light

Answer 1

Hint: Law of inheritance was formulated by studying the contrasting traits in the pea plants. Gregor Mendel conducted an experiment on garden pea to study these traits. Usually, the traits are contrasting, which means, one is dominant while the other is recessive.

Complete answer:
Gregor Johann Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics because he was the first to demonstrate the mechanism of transmission of characters from one generation to the other. Mendel observed the occurrence of two types of seeds in pea plants growing in his monastery. He became interested in them and set out to study the effect of hybridization between different varieties. Initially, Mendel took 34 pairs of variety pea plants, then 22 but ultimately worked with only seven pairs of variables. The latter differed in such characters as flower colour, flower position, height, pod shape, pod colour seed shape, seed colour etc.
All the selected varieties were pure lines that are, they were pure and bred true or gave offspring resembling parents . Mendel performed various types of cross-breeding and then allowed the offspring to self breed. His work involved the cultivation and breeding of some 10 thousand pea plants. Mendel employed the law of probability and statistical methods for the analysis of the result. Let us study the traits.

Character	Dominant	Recessive
Plant height	Tall	Dwarf
Flower position	Axial	Terminal
Pod colour	Green	Yellow
Pod shape	Inflated	Constricted
Seed colour	Coloured	White
Seed shape	Round	Wrinkled
Seed colour	Yellow	Green

Therefore from inferring from the table we get to know that option ‘D’ is the correct answer.

Note: Mendelian factor or gene is a unit of inheritance that passes from one generation to the next through the gamete and controls the expression of a character in the organisms usually along with another factor of the allelic type. It is now known that Mendelian gators, determinants are present in a linear sequence on the chromosomes.