Question

Which one of the following hormones is a modified amino acid?
A. Epinephrine
B. Progesterone
C. Prostaglandin
D. Estrogen

Answer 1

Hint: Modified amino acids are amino acid derivatives produced in-house with unique properties that enable cell culture processes to be amplified. Relatively small molecules generated from the amino acid tyrosine or tryptophan constitute the amino acid-derived hormones.

Complete answer: The chemical modification of amino acids, primarily tyrosine, makes up this hormone class. These comprise thyroid hormones as well as epinephrine and norepinephrine catecholamines. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are processed as part of thyroglobulin in the thyroid; thyroid cell uptake and degradation of this large molecule, releasing thyroid hormones, requires the secretion of these hormones. In thyroid hormone synthesis, iodine plays a key and important role.
Let us look at all the options to get the correct answer,
-Epinephrine is naturally produced from the adrenal medulla, also known as adrenaline. It's often called catecholamine and is extracted from the modified tyrosine amino acid.
-Progesterone is also considered a pregnancy hormone and is secreted by the Graafian follicle from the ovary as well as corpus luteum.
-Prostaglandins are lipid molecules that have an influence on hormones.
-Estrogen is a primary female sex hormone that is involved in the development of a female reproductive system as well as secondary sex characteristics.
So, A-'Epinephrine' is the right answer.

Note: Other than amino acid-derived hormones one more class of hormones exists which is known as lipid-derived hormones. Cholesterol is the source of most lipid hormones, so they are structurally identical. Steroid hormones are the main class of lipid hormones in humans. Such hormones are commonly ketones or alcohols, biologically speaking; the chemical names of these hormones end in "-ol" for alcohol or "-one" for ketones.