Question

Which one is matched correctly?
A. Arsenic- Black foot disease
B. Fluoride- Itai-Itai
C. Mercury- Skeletal Fluorosis
D. Cadmium- Minamata disease

Answer 1

Hint: Consumption of heavy metals like cadmium, mercury, and arsenic cause a number of health problems that have been faced by different parts of the world due to poor waste management of the industrial companies.

Complete answer:
>Black foot disease: It is a form of vascular disease, which leads to the destruction of blood vessels of lower limbs by causing severe arteriosclerosis and gangrene. It is restricted to the southwestern coast of Taiwan. Diagnostic symptoms include ischemia, histological lesions, etc. Consumption of inorganic arsenic from the artesian wells was the main reason for this disease.
>Itai-Itai disease: In 1912, there was mass cadmium poisoning in the Toyama prefecture of Japan that was termed as Itai-Itai disease. It leads to the softening of bones which results in brittle bones, one of the main effects of cadmium poisoning. It can also cause permanent bone deformation and waddling gait. It also causes coughing, anemia, and kidney failure, leading to death.
>Skeletal Fluorosis: It is a bone disease that is caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride that causes the weakening of the bones. It can cause painful damaged bones and joints.
>Minamata disease: It is also referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease. It is a neurological disorder caused due to excessive mercury poisoning. Patients with this disease show ataxia, muscle weakness, numbness in the hands and feet, lowered vision, blurred speech, damages hearing, etc.

Therefore, the correct answer is option (A) Arsenic- Black foot disease

Note:-

Lead causes damage to the liver, kidneys, and brain.
- Itai-Itai and Minamata disease come under the four big pollution diseases in Japan that resulted due to improper handling of industrial wastes by Japanese companies.
- “Itai-Itai disease” term was coined by the locals and it means “it hurt- it hurts” which referred to the severe pain in the spine and the joints, caused by this cadmium poisoning.