Question

Which of the following were added to the Directive Principles by amendments to the Constitution?
I.To protect and improve the environment and safeguard wildlife.
II.Right of workers to participate in the management of industries.
III.Right to work
IV.To protect and maintain places of historic interest.
A.I and III
B.II and IV
C.I, III and IV
D.I and II

Answer 1

Hint: The Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in Part IV of the Indian Constitution and act as guiding principles for the governance of the country. These are positive rights that enshrine citizens with aims to fulfil their socioeconomic needs unlike the Fundamental Rights which are negative in the sense that they prevent the State from doing something and act as civil and political rights of the citizens. Articles 36-51 cover the Directive Principles of State Policy. They are loosely classified into the following categories— Socialistic principles, Gandhian principles and Liberal-Intellectual principles. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new directive principles.

Complete answer:
Option A: is incorrect. Although Article 48A, stating the principle to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife, was added during the 42nd Amendment, 1976, Article 41 providing the right to work in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, was originally in the Constitution.
Option B: is incorrect. Although Article 43A, stating the right of participation of workers in the management of industries, was added during the 42nd Amendment, 1976, Article 49, to protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance, was originally in the Constitution.
Option C: is incorrect. Although Article 48A, stating the principle to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife, was added during the 42nd Amendment, 1976, Article 41 providing the right to work in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and Article 49, to protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance, were originally in the Constitution.
Option D: is correct. Both Article 48A, stating the principle to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife and Article 43A, stating the right of participation of workers in the management of industries, were added to the Directive Principles during the 42nd Constitutional Amendment of 1976.

Thus, The correct answer is Option D.

Note: Directive Principles of State Policy are non-justiciable and thus individuals cannot seek court enforcement for these rights. However, it has behind it a far more potent force than legal force, namely the force of vigilant public opinion which is why governments have not ignored these principles while making policies.