Question

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(i) An important characteristic of all communities is that their composition and structure constantly change in response to the changing environmental conditions.
(ii) The climax community remains stable as long as the environment remains changed.
(iii) The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area are called sere(s).
A. (i), (ii) and (iii)
B. (i) and (ii)
C. (ii) and (iii)
D. (i) and (iii)

Answer 1

Hint: An ecological community is a collection of organisms that coexist or may coexist in a given area. Communities are connected by a shared environment and a web of relationships between the many species. An ever-expanding area of ecology is community.

Step by step solution:
The process by which a place's species and the place itself mixes and evolves over time is called ecological succession. These communities gradually replace one another until a "climax community" is attained, such as a mature forest, or until a disruption, such as a fire, happens. The main aspect in ecology is ecological succession. Imagine a forest that has burned to the ground. There were no longer any of the native vegetation and animals. However, the destroyed forest won't be lifeless forever. In a process known as ecological succession, the local plants and animals will repopulate the region.
Primarily dead environments, such as those with no soil or inhospitable soil, are where primary succession, an ecological succession, begins. Secondary succession happens in places where there was previously a biological community, but some or all of that community was destroyed by minor disturbances that did not completely wipe out the life and nutrients in the environment.
Pioneer species thrive in recently disturbed areas with low soil composition. The soil that pioneer species live in becomes fruitful and rich as a result of their labor. Climax species increasingly encroach over time. Lawn grasses and spruces are examples of climax species that demand fertile soil. A sere, also known as a seral community, is described as the progression of an ecological community's growth stages from the pioneer stage to the climax stage.
So, option (D) is correct.


Note:
Succession refers to the process through which a species enters an ecosystem from a depopulated or devastated piece of land. The earliest species to live in a place are mosses and lichens. They prepare the soil so that larger species, like grasses, shrubs, and ultimately trees, can grow there.